Urban Agriculture (UA) is about growing of plants and trees and rearing of livestock within or on the fringe of cities (intra-urban and periurban agriculture), including related input provision, processing, distributing and marketing activities of food (beekeeping, fishery, herb cultivation, aquaculture etc.) (de Zeeuw et al. 2011). UA has a long history. In light of archaeological evidence, it was known in Persia, Machu Picchu and Ancient Rome, making a “vital contribution to the urban food supply. It also affected the ancient city politically, economically and socially, shaping the daily lives of residents from all social classes, income levels, ages and genders. Because of chronic dietary insecurity, home-produced foods often mean the difference between life and death for the poor living on the edge. There were also other tangible benefits: plants produced locally were used for medicinal and religious purposes.” (Watts, 2016). Throughout the history, urban agriculture (its various forms) played an important role in war or depression times (for instance in US, Canada, Europe during WWI and WWII). Specific form of urban agriculture is “allotment garden” which emerged in Germany in early XIX century to deal with poverty and hunger. Urban farming and urban gardening were also the elements of XIX cent. urban planning theories (e.g. Garden Cities of To-morrow by Ebenezer Howard or the concept of neighbourhood unit by C. Perry). These ideas, introduced in some cities within post-war reconstruction and urban planning, still can be found in UK, Germany, Poland (“urban allotment gardens” or “family allotment gardens”). UA is practiced in a variety of places, both private and public (field plots, vacant public land, but also public spaces such as parks, gardens, rooftops etc.), and its form or profile resulted from various cultural, demographic, political, geographical circumstances (local traditions, land property, climate, size of the population, spatial planning regulations etc.). (Fox-Kämper et al. 2018) .
